研究了Sn-58Bi共晶焊料与Cu的界面反应以及在Cu基体上化学镀Ni-P层的界面反应.焊接温度为180℃,焊接后时效温度范围为60-120℃,时间为5-30 d.利用SEM,EDAX,XRD对反应产物进行了鉴定.结果表明,焊料与Cu的界面反应产物为Cu6Sn5,与化学镀Ni-P层的界面反应产物为Ni3Sn4,在Ni3Sn4与Ni-P层之间存在一层富P层.在同样条件下,Cu6Sn5的生长速度要快于Ni3Sn4的速度.化学镀Ni-P层中P含量较高时进一步抑制Ni/Sn界面反应生成Ni3Sn4的速度.界面金属间化合物层生长动力学符合x=(kt)1/2关系,表明界面反应由扩散机制控制.由实验结果计算,Cu6Sn5的表观激活能为90.87 kJ/mol;Ni3Sn4的表观激活能则与化学镀Ni-P层中P含量有关,当镀层P含量为9%与16%(原子分数)时,其表观激活能分别是101.43 kJ/mol与117.31 kJ/mol.
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