在常见的应变速率范围内,多数金属材料的冷加工变形主要是通过位错增殖、形变孪晶或马氏体相变等机制实现,这些变形机制无法有效地细化晶粒,通常只有采用剧烈塑性变形方法制备无缺陷的金属纳米材料.最近在研究β型Ti-Nb-Zr-Sn钛合金形变过程时,发现塑性失稳导致局域化非均匀塑性变形对晶粒细化具有显著作用;利用该变形机理,采用常规冷轧方法即可以轧制出厚度为1.5 mm板材,其晶粒尺寸小于50 nm.本文主要论述该合金冷加工组织细化过程和时效强化机理,并讨论非均匀塑性变形方式的可能原因.
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