以一种含氮量达1.0%(质量分数)的高氮奥氏体不锈钢N10和316L不锈制为研究对象,通过在室温下对这两种材料施加不同的压缩变形量,研究了两种材料变形后的显微组织、真应力-真应变曲线和显微硬度.结果表明,两种材料在冷变形量小于20%时,机械孪晶和滑移共同参与变形.随变形量增加至50%,316L的变形方式过渡到以滑移为主,而高氮钢中机械孪晶和滑移仍共同参与变形.高氮奥氏体不锈钢在变形过程中不发生马氏体相变,表明其具有较高的结构稳定性;而316L中有马氏体形成.高氮不锈钢的固溶态强度、硬度和加工硬化系数均显著高于316L,冷变形可大幅提高两种材料的强度.两种材料的显微硬度均与晶粒取向有明显相关性,晶粒取向对显微硬度的影响大于变形不均匀性的影响.对高氮不锈钢表现出的优异性能的机制进行了分析和讨论.
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