对系列Si,Mn,Ni等合金元素合金化的低碳超高强度贝氏体钢(LUHSBS),通过控制相变温度、冷却与回火参数,可明显提高其韧性.与同等强度(>1500 MPa)的高级马氏体钢23MnNiCrMo相比,研制的LUHSBS冲击吸收能(AKV≥185J)提高3倍以上.强度与韧性优化结合的根本原因在于组织细化、贝氏体铁素体(BF)中含碳量增加、碳化物消除以及存在较高体积分数的稳定膜状残余奥氏体(AR).原子力显微镜和扫描隧道显微镜分析证实:钢中不存在对韧性有损伤作用的块状AR;不仅切变单元超细化,而且超细晶粒的平均尺寸小于20 nm,部分切变单元的平均厚度仅约1.6 nm.这些精细组织是影响钢的强度、AR稳定性和AKV增加的主要原因.分析了强度与韧性改善的物理机制.
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