基于枝晶间流动的Darcy定律,考虑了凝固过程氢的宏观扩散与传输,建立了耦合氢宏观偏析的铝合金铸件微观孔洞形成的数学模型,并进行了实时熔炼的Al-4.5%Cu(质量分数)铸件的垂直向上凝固实验,铸件微观组织和孔洞的分析结果表明:铸件沿着高度方向包括了柱状晶、柱状晶向等轴晶转变(CET)和等轴晶3个区域;柱状晶区域内微观孔洞体积分数存在递减的分布规律,且邻近底部冷模的试样微观孔洞体积分数最大.采用所建立的模型对实验铸件微观孔洞形成进行了模拟,模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好;而当忽略氢宏观偏析时,模拟结果与实验结果存在较大误差.研究表明,氢的宏观偏析对微观孔洞的形核与分布具有重要影响.
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