在Sn-3.8Ag-0.7Cu无铅钎料中添加质量分数为1%的稀土Er会在其内部形成尺寸较大的稀土相ErSna.暴露于空气中ErSn3将发生氧化,同时在其表面会出现Sn晶须的快速生长现象.室温时效条件下,在氧化的ErSn3表面会生长出少量的杆状Sn晶须,Sn晶须的截面尺寸会发生连续变化;高温时效条件下,在氧化的ErSn3表面会生长出大量的针状Sn晶须,Sn晶须的截面尺寸会发生阶梯式变化.提出了ErSn3氧化过程中体积应变能是一个变量的模型,可以解释观察到的现象.
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