采用电化学氧化法对聚丙烯腈(PAN)基碳纤维进行表面改性,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和X射线衍射(XRD)对改性后的碳纤维表面状态进行了研究.同时探讨了碳纤维表面状态与其抗拉强度及其复合材料力学性能的关联.研究结果表明,碳纤维经电化学氧化后,表面的粗糙度提高了1.1倍;表面碳含量降低了9.7%,氧含量提高了53.8%,氮含量增加了7.5倍,羟基和羰基含量也有不同程度的提高;表面取向指数减小了1.5%,表面微晶尺寸减小,表面活性碳原子数增加了78%.电化学氧化法的刻蚀作用致使碳纤维拉伸强度降低了8.1%,但同时也改善了碳纤维表面的物理性质和化学性质,提高了碳纤维与树脂问的粘结性,使复合材料的ILSS提高26%.
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