基于酚醛树脂的碳/碳复合材料在高温分解过程的微结构演变

复合材料学报, 2006, 23(1): 37-43. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-3851.2006.01.006

基于酚醛树脂的碳/碳复合材料在高温分解过程的微结构演变

张亚妮 ^1, , 徐永东 ^2, , 高列义 ^3, , 张立同 ^4, , 成来飞 ^5,

1.西北工业大学,超高温结构复合材料国防重点科技实验室,西安,710072

2.西北工业大学,超高温结构复合材料国防重点科技实验室,西安,710072

3.西北工业大学,超高温结构复合材料国防重点科技实验室,西安,710072

4.西北工业大学,超高温结构复合材料国防重点科技实验室,西安,710072

5.西北工业大学,超高温结构复合材料国防重点科技实验室,西安,710072

基金项目: 中国科学院资助项目(90405015) 西北工业大学校科研和教改项目(Z200511) 教育部跨世纪优秀人才培养计划(2002) 陕西省自然科学基金(2004E116)

关键词：碳/碳复合材料 , 酚醛树脂 , 微观结构 , 高温分解

Microstructural evolution of phenolic resin-based carbon/carbon composites during pyrolysis

采用热压成型方法制备碳/酚醛树脂预制体,再经高温碳化得到开气孔率为27%、密度约1.27 g/cm3并具有预期孔隙结构的碳/碳复合材料.研究了200～900℃预制体转化为碳/碳复合材料过程中,材料的密度、开气孔率、失重率、以及内部微观结构随温度的变化.分析了材料在高温分解过程中微观结构演变规律.结果表明,酚醛树脂主要在400～700℃大量分解,其分解速率约为其余温度范围的4倍,该温度范围失重率增加了14%、开气孔率增加了18%.在高于400℃时形成大量裂纹与孔隙,随着温度升高裂纹增多并进一步扩展,900℃碳化后形成一种连通的特征性微观裂缝网格模式.高温分解后碳/碳复合材料中总孔容约0.17 cm3/g,其中81%的孔隙半径在122.190～2.440μm范围内.

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