以人工林杉木粉为原料和正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)为无机前驱体,依据溶剂热法反应原理,采用溶胶凝胶的方法制备了SiO2/木材复合材料.通过红外光谱分析(FTIR)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、热失重分析(TGA)、扫描电子显微镜分析(SEM)等方法,研究了该复合材料的结构和性能.研究结果表明,使用这种方法,木材的增重率显著提高.木材中的羟基与正硅酸乙酯水解后的羟基发生了缩合反应,体系中存在Si-O-C交联网络,微观上形成了纳米网络结构.木质纤维素的结晶被破坏,结晶度从75.37%(纯木粉)下降到37.42%(木材增重率为78%的复合体系).交联网络的形成显著提高了该材料的耐热性能,使失重10%时的热分解温度从270 ℃(纯木粉) 提高到409 ℃.
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