建立了自由等轴晶移动对宏观偏析影响的数学模型,对铸锭凝固过程中的对流和溶质分布进行了数值模拟.在模型中按照临界固相分数将糊状区分为紧密树枝晶和自由等轴晶两个不同的区域.对带冒口铸钢锭的宏观偏析进行了数值模拟,并同实验结果进行了比较.与假设糊状区内固相静止的模型相比,考虑等轴晶移动的模型得到的溶质分布结果与实验结果更接近.在凝固过程中,等轴晶随液体流动并在铸锭的底部中心聚集,在凝固后的铸锭中形成锥形的负偏析.还发现,在铸锭的中心靠上的区域形成正偏析,在铸锭的外部区域形成负偏析.
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