以电渣重熔工艺中电极、渣池和钢锭为研究对象,建立了能够考虑集肤效应的三维谐波电磁场有限元模型,采用Maxwell方程、Lorentz定律和Joule定律分析了渣、钢锭和电极的磁场、电磁力、电流密度和Joule热功率密度的分布.模拟结果与测量的电渣重熔系统外部空气的磁感应强度吻合良好,证明了本模型和计算过程的可靠性.计算结果表明:在电极和钢锭内,电流主要集中在外表面,电流沿轴向方向;在渣池内,由于渣的电导率低,电流分布发生改变,主要集中在电极端头处;电磁力的最大值出现在接近渣池上表面渣内的电极附近;而Joule热的最大值是在电极底部与渣的交界处;当频率大于35 Hz时,电极和钢锭内都出现了涡流;当电极浸入深度增大或渣层的厚度减小时,渣池中Joule热的最大值增大.
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