在海水飞溅区对实验室冶炼的Ni-Cu-P钢、含Cu低合金钢和碳钢进行660 d的挂片实验,评价Ni-Cu-P钢的耐蚀性能;采用Fourier变换红外(FTIR)光谱、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱(ICP-AES)、电子探针(EPMA)、SEM和EDAX等技术,分析3种钢表面的锈层特征.结果表明,Ni-Cu-P钢表现出比碳钢优越的耐全面腐蚀和点蚀能力.对锈层成分分析发现,在宏观阴极区,钢的内、外锈层均主要由α-FeOOH,β-FeOOH,γ-FeOOH,δ-FeOOH,Fe3O4和少量非晶氧化物组成,但内锈层的Fe3O4含量更高,而γ-FeOOH和β-FeOOH的含量更低.与碳钢相比,Ni-Cu-P钢宏观阴极区和蚀坑内的锈层更致密.对锈层中的合金元素分析发现,Ni-Cu-P钢中的合金元素Ni,Cu和P主要分布在宏观阴极区的内锈层和蚀坑内,Cu和P在蚀坑内有富集.在宏观阴极区,合金元素Cu可细化内锈层的晶粒,从而促进保护性锈层的形成.在蚀坑内,Cu富集在锈层中的夹杂物周围,对锈层中的裂纹和孔洞起修复作用.合金元素Cu和Ni可提高蚀坑内基体的电位,P有助于降低钢蚀坑内基体的腐蚀速度,因此,Ni-Cu-P钢比碳钢表现出强的耐点蚀性能.
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