分析了核电站用关键金属材料的损伤行为的研究现状, 叙述了近期的主要进展: 腐蚀电化学动力学、晶界上的优先氧化及由此导致的晶界强度降低、材料内部特殊晶界改善耐腐蚀性能、尖锐的应力腐蚀裂纹形状、纳米尺度原子团簇的形成及其对性能的影响等. 在此基础上指出, 在高温高压水中工作的核电站关键材料的环境损伤的研究趋势和主要问题包括: 材料在高温高压水中的腐蚀电化学动力学, 特别是杂质离子对腐蚀微观过程的影响; 表面膜和材料表层在微纳米尺度上的微观结构、物理性质、力学性质、化学性质和表面膜的再钝化行为, 特别是离子在表面膜和材料表层的传输过程; 微纳米尺度上材料初始加工表层、水化学参数对应力腐蚀裂纹孕育的影响, 以及穿晶应力腐蚀开裂的机理; 材料微观损伤研究结果与工程应用的结合等. 研究这些材料的环境行为需要精确控制研究状态和环境条件, 因此, 发展先进的的核电环境模拟技术和研究手段是获得核电站准确损伤行为的关键.
The recent research status of materials degradation in nuclear power plant (NPP) has been analyzed. The main research progresses include: kinetics of corrosion electrochemistry in high temperature pressurised water, preferential intergranular oxidation and the degradation of grain boundary strength, special grain boundary optimized materials corrosion resistance, tight crack of stress corrosion cracking, nano-scale atom cluster formation and effects. The research trends and key problems have been proposed, such as kinetics of corrosion electrochemistry in high temperature high pressure water, especially the effect of contaminating species on micro-process of corrosion; characterization of microstructure, physical, chemical and mechanical properties of surface film and near-surface materials, repassivation behavior of passive film, especially ion diffusion micro-process in the surface film and near-surface materials; the effects of as-received surface and water chemistry on crack incubation and initiation; application of materials degradation mechanisms. In order to characterize the material environmental behavior, it is important to control the research and environment condition, and to develop new test methods in simulated NPP environment.
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