采用缆式焊丝进行CO2气体保护焊,利用焊接电弧多信息采集系统拍摄了缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊电弧形态图像;用数码相机拍摄无缺陷焊缝横截面照片.基于实验结果分析了缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊工艺机理.建立了缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊有限元模型,对该工艺下温度场、应力-应变场进行了数值模拟.结果表明,缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊具有束状电弧,其由多弧旋转耦合而成,热流密度更为集中;当缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊单位长度焊缝的热输入为单焊丝CO2气体保护焊的2.9倍时,其熔深与熔宽分别为单丝CO2气体保护焊的4倍和1.7倍;在相同焊接条件下,缆式焊丝CO2气体保护焊热效率与埋弧焊相近,残余应力场分布与埋弧焊相似,但熔深大于埋弧焊,熔宽、热循环峰值温度、热影响区宽度均小于埋弧焊.焊缝横断面的计算结果与实验结果吻合较好,证明了所建热源模型的准确性.
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