随着X射线光源、光学器件及图像分析技术的不断发展,微米甚至数十纳米空间分辨X射线三维数字化成像成为可能.在此基础上,提供了高分辨无损探测材料内部结构的技术和方法,预计高分辨X射线三维成像新技术将会进一步促进材料科学技术的发展.本文将简述X射线三维成像的产生背景和发展过程,介绍吸收衬度成像、相位衬度成像和全息成像的原理与特点,着重分析高分辨透射X射线三维成像在材料孔洞、裂纹与腐蚀、复合材料以及原位测试等方向的应用及其特点,比较同步辐射与实验室X射线高分辨透射三维成像技术的不同,以探讨高分辨透射X射线三维成像在材料科学研究中进一步应用的可能性.
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