开展316L奥氏体不锈钢块状试样低温气体渗碳实验,测量渗碳层内沿深度方向的C浓度和应力的大小及分布;基于应力-扩散耦合作用理论,建立渗碳后渗碳层内的C浓度和应力分布的计算模型,利用该模型计算上述渗碳实验后试样沿深度方向的C浓度和应力分布,并将模型计算结果和实验结果进行比较.结果表明,低温气体渗碳后钢在表层产生一层含高C浓度的渗碳层,渗碳层内重现高的压应力,C浓度和压应力均在表面处最大,随着深度的增加而逐渐降低,压力和浓度的大小之间呈直线关系;考虑应力-扩散的耦合作用的扩散计算模型计算得到的C浓度分布和实验测量结果符合的较好,表明扩散引起的应力在低温气体渗碳的C扩散中扮演重要角色;扩散压应力的产生显著增加了C的表观扩散速度,在低温气体渗碳等类似的渗碳或氮的扩散机制研究中,需考虑扩散引起的扩散压应力与扩散之间的相互作用关系.
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