针对无Nb和添加0.06％Nb的2种中碳钢,研究了Nb对0.47％C中碳钢相变及组织细化的影响规律.2种实验钢正火组织均为铁素体+珠光体,Nb微合金化能够有效细化中碳钢的奥氏体晶粒,从而导致正火后组织中铁素体体积分数明显增加.含Nb中碳钢的屈服强度相对无Nb钢提高了18％ (70 MPa),抗拉强度基本保持不变,-20℃冲击韧性则由7J提高到19J,呈现显著提高.此外,由连续冷却转变(CCT)曲线发现,Nb微合金化中碳钢可在冷速≤10℃/s时获得较高体积分数的铁素体,因此,可保证工件在较大冷速范围内不出现大块珠光体或贝氏体/马氏体组织.结合TEM观察发现,Nb元素以微小析出物Nb(C,N)的状态均匀分布在钢中.Nb(C,N)析出物能有效细化奥氏体晶粒,并因此提高铁素体形核率,这是Nb在中碳钢中影响相变并提高韧性的主要机制.
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