中空结构材料具有低密度、高比表面积、可以容纳客体分子等特点被广泛用于环境保护、生物医药、电子等领域.模板法具有简单、重复率高、预见性好等诸多优点,在制备中空结构材料的过程中被广泛采用.根据所使用模板性质的不同,模板法又可分为传统模板法和自模板法两类.本文对模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进行了综述,首先阐述了硬模板法和软模板法两种传统模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展,并在此基础上重点综述和评价了奥斯特瓦尔德熟化法、柯肯达尔效应法、电化学置换法和化学刻蚀法四种自模板法制备中空结构材料的研究进展,最后,对模板法制备中空结构材料的发展前景进行了展望.
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