以KMnO4为氧化剂,HNO3为插层剂,对石油焦进行膨化改性.以KOH为活化剂,在碱碳比为3∶1、4∶1和5∶1时,将膨化石油焦制备成活性炭(产物标记为EAC-3、EAC-4和EAC-5);作为对比,按照相同碱碳比,将未改性石油焦制备成活性炭(产物标记为AC-3、AC-4和AC-5).采用TG、XRD、I2吸附、N2吸附、循环伏安和交流阻抗谱对石油焦和活性炭进行了表征.研究表明,膨化改性使石油焦石墨微晶的晶面层间距由0.344 nm增加到0.359 nm,微晶厚度由2.34 nm降低到1.61 nm; EAC-3和AC-5的比表面积分别为3325和3291 m2/g;在0.5 mV/s的扫描速度下,EAC-3和AC-5比电容分别为448和429 F/g;基于EAC-3的超级电容器具有更低的内阻和更好的功率特性.
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