以多孔不锈钢片为基体、以氧化铝粉体(平均粒径0.5μm)为膜材料,用三种工艺制备了Al2O3/不锈钢微滤膜.采用扫描电子显微镜和金相显微镜分别对样品表面和断面形貌进行了表征,用毛细流动法测定了Al2O3/不锈钢膜的孔径分布,并通过超声震荡法考察了膜的附着力.研究表明,在基体与氧化铝涂层间预洗引入一层不锈钢细粉作为过渡层再进行共烧结,有效地解决了Al2O3膜层易于剥落的问题,并成功制备了Al2O3/不锈钢复合微滤膜,膜厚为40～50 μm.该不锈钢粉末过渡层不仅可以修饰基体表面,还能够缓冲Al2O3层在热处理过程中产生的热膨胀和烧结收缩应力,并对Al2O3层和不锈钢基体产生粘结作用,提高了膜的附着力.本工作所采用的共烧结法既简化了制备工艺,又节约了能源.共烧结温度是影响膜附着力与孔径分布的关键因素,经1100、1150、1200和1250℃共烧结,所制备的Al2O3/不锈钢膜平均孔径为0.2、0.3、0.5和3.9 μm,其纯水通量分别为3.8、4.1、6.9和20.5 m3/(m2·h·bar).
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