在离子液体中采用不同的Lewis酸催化葡萄糖和果糖脱水制备5-羟甲基呋喃甲醛(5-HMF).结果表明,CrCln和SnCln均可高效催化葡萄糖转化为5-HMF.另外,Lewis酸的酸性越强,其催化果糖转化为5-HMF的产率越高.镧系金属氯化物在反应中表现出较好的催化活性和产物选择性.同时还研究了离子液体结构对催化反应的影响.结果表明,咪唑型离子液体在葡萄糖转化为5-HMF的反应中表现出明显的奇偶效应,即离子液体支链碳原予数为偶数时,5-HMF产率较高;而在果糖转化为5-HMF的反应中,离子液体的支链烷基长度越短,5-HMF产率越高.在离子液体[C2MIM]Br(溴化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑)中,SnCl2催化葡萄糖脱水时5-HMF收率为65%,而ErCl3催化果糖得到的5-HMF收率可达92%.
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