用水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2提取方法对川芎药材中的化学成分进行提取,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对提取物进行分析,分别鉴定出30和34个化合物,测定了其相对含量.结果表明,水蒸气蒸馏和超临界CO2提取物的主要成分均为(Z)-藁本内酯.超临界CO2提取方法能提取出较多的川芎药效物质,如丁基酞内酯、丁烯基酞内酯、川芎内酯A、(Z)-藁本内酯、(E)-藁本内酯和川芎内酯I.而水蒸气蒸馏提取物中除了川芎药效物质外,还含有较多的萜烯类化合物.结果表明,超临界CO2对川芎药效物质的提取比水蒸气蒸馏法的效率高.通过对川芎中带不饱和侧链与饱和侧链内酯类化合物质谱裂解规律的解析归纳,鉴别了川芎中不饱和侧链内酯类化合物如(Z)-藁本内酯、(E)-藁本内酯、丁烯基酞内酯和川芎内酯I以及饱和侧链内酯类化合物如丁基酞内酯和川芎内酯A.
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