在乙二醇中,以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为分散剂,抗坏血酸(VC)为还原剂和抗氧化剂,还原CuSO4制得铜胶体溶液.通过XRD、UV-Vis与共振光散射(RLS)光谱对铜胶体进行表征.结果表明,铜胶体为面心立方晶体结构的0价铜,在592～602 nm呈现典型的等离子共振吸收峰,体系具有明显的RLS特征,最大散射波长在468 nm.考察了反应条件、体系的稳定性与共存离子对乙二醇中铜胶体RLS的影响.结果表明,适宜的反应条件为:试剂按照VC、CuSO4和PVP的加入顺序,3种物质量的比按照n(VC)/n(Cu2+)=15、n( PVP-K30)/n( Cu2+) =1.4;反应温度60℃；反应时间1h,反应得到的铜胶体可稳定放置1d.在适宜条件下,p(Cu2+)在5.12～12.8 mg/L范围内与散射光强度(ΔIRLS)成正比,同归方程为ΔI=7420.2ρ - 631.8(r=0.9962),检出限(3σ)为0.63 μg/L.0.64 mg/L MnSO4、CdSO4和ZnSO4,1.28 mg/L KI,64 mg/L Na2 CO3和Ca(OH)2,960 mg/L CH3CH2OH,640 mg/L CH3OH和320 mg/L CH3CH2CH2OH均不干扰10 mg/L Cu2+溶液的测量.由此建立一种利用RLS光谱测定乙二醇中铜离子的简便方法.
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