以聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)为稳定剂,亚硫酸氢钠和过硫酸铵为引发剂(I),丙烯酰胺(AM)为单体,在体积分数为90％的乙醇水溶液中,采用分散聚合方法合成了聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)双水相乳液.考察了聚合反应温度、引发剂质量分数、单体质量分数、PVP质量分数对分散聚合转化率、聚合速率、聚合物分子量和乳液稳定性等性质的影响.结果表明,AM质量分数从10％提高至25％时,初始聚合速率、最终转化率及聚合物相对分子质量增大,其中初始聚合速率增大约20倍.但单体质量分数不可过高,否则会因体系粘度过大而形成凝胶.PVP质量分数增大,初始聚合速率及最终转化率变小,但PVP质量分数过大和过小均不利于双水相乳液的稳定.随着温度的升高,聚合速率显著增加,而聚合物相对分子质量从20℃时的5.08 ×105降至70℃时的0.39×105.引发剂的质量分数从0.05％增加至0.15％时,单体AM转化率增大,而聚合物PAM的相对分子质量则从4.31 ×105降至3.73×105.当引发剂质量分数为0.05％时,反应存在20～25 min的诱导期,导致最大聚合速率推后60 min左右出现.AM、引发剂和稳定剂的质量分数分别为15％、0.05％和6％时,在30℃下反应6h所得乳液的粒径范围为10～75 μm,平均粒径为21.94 μm.粒径较大且分布较宽,乳液稳定性较差.转化率50％时分散聚合速率与各组分质量浓度的关系为:rp=kρI0.33ρAM0.84ρPVP-2.56,聚合反应表观活化能为40.95 kJ/mol.
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