以氯丁胶乳(Pa)为种子乳液,甲基丙烯酸甲酯(Pb)为第二单体,采用种子乳液聚合法,制备了氯丁胶乳-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复合乳胶粒.热力学分析表明,当Pb的体积分数Φb<0.69时,可同时形成Pa-Pb型正核-壳和(Pa+ Pb)分离型乳胶粒,当Φb>0.69时,形成Pb-Pa型翻转型核壳结构乳胶粒,并伴有Pa-Pb型正核-壳结构乳胶粒的形成.动力学分析表明,引发剂类型、第二单体的加入方式、种子乳胶粒的交联、单体/聚合物质量比是影响乳胶粒形态的主要因素.采用水溶性引发剂过二硫酸钾(KPS),以饥饿态方式加入单体,氯丁胶乳-聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PCR-PMMA)复合乳胶粒呈现正核-壳结构,以充溢态方式加入单体则不能形成明显的核-壳结构;而以油溶性偶氮二异丁腈( AIBN)为引发剂时,单体无论以充溢态方式加入还是饥饿态加入均倾向于形成翻转核-壳型粒子.在种子乳胶粒中加入一定量交联剂二缩三乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯,有利于形成明显的正核壳结构.以饥饿态进料,KPS为引发剂时,随着单体用量增加,壳层变厚,仍呈正核-壳结构,与热力学分析结果相吻合;以AIBN为引发剂时,随着单体用量增加,PCR-PMMA复合乳胶粒逐渐由翻转核壳型结构变为互穿结构.
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