以正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化氨(CTAB)、盐酸(HCl)、乙醇和水为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法提拉涂膜,再经700℃快速淬火200 s,制备了二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子涂层.研究了CTAB浓度、提拉速度、停留时间和提拉涂膜次数对透射率的影响,结果表明,当CTAB质量分数为2.5％,提拉速度为100 mm/min,停留时间为60 s,提拉涂膜1次得到的SiO2纳米粒子涂层透射率最高,可达95.9％.该涂层具备超亲水性并能耐受6H铅笔刮痕测试.实验还表明,在SiO2溶胶液中加入CTAB,通过其与TEOS部分水解生成的物种的相互作用,可以改善酸性催化条件下形成的SiO2溶胶的微观结构,从而提高了涂层的透射率和亲水性.
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