以对硝基苯酚(4-NP)为对象,采用非印迹聚合物(NIP)库筛选法选出乙烯基咪唑为最佳功能单体,通过实验选出乙腈为最合适的聚合溶剂、三甲氧基丙基三甲基丙烯酸酯(TRIM)为交联剂制备分子印迹聚合物.对固相萃取进行了优化,用pH =2.5的磷酸盐缓冲溶液上样、体积比为45∶55的乙腈和磷酸盐缓冲溶液淋洗、甲醇洗脱条件下,聚合物具有最佳印迹效果.4-NP分子印迹聚合物的表观吸附量达到5.8 mg/g.该印迹聚合物对4-NP及其结构类似物苯酚和对氯苯酚的萃取回收率分别为96.0％、78.8％和77.8％,表明具有较高的选择性,还成功地用于自来水样品中4-NP的固相萃取,回收率达到93.1％.由此可得该方法快速、有效,可用于分子印迹聚合物优化制备.
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