采用浊度法和静态抑垢法,研究了抑制剂2-膦酸基-1,2,4-三羧酸丁烷(PBTCA)与水解聚马来酸酐(HPMA)对氟硅酸钠(钾)结晶的影响.运用经典结晶成核理论解释了抑制机理,利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射技术表征了氟硅酸钠(钾)的晶体形貌和晶型.结果表明,PBTCA与HPMA通过提高氟硅酸钠(钾)结晶时的表面自由能而抑制氟硅酸钠(钾)的析出.PBTCA与HPMA之间存在明显的协同作用,PBTCA与HPMA共同作用使Na2SiF6的结晶表面自由能从108 mJ/m2升高至126 mJ/m2,溶液中Na+的阻垢率从6.2％上升至70.3％;使K2SiF6的结晶表面自由能从199 mJ/m2升高至230 ml J/m2,溶液中K+的阻垢率从10.2％升高至45.3％.PBTCA与HPMA的加入使氟硅酸钠(钾)的粒径变小,颗粒分散;空白溶液中晶体主要为NaKSiF6,PBTCA与HPMA混合体系中结晶产物主要为Na2SiF6和K2SiF6.
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