为了从单片Bayer格式图像探测器获取高质量实时彩色图像,研究并设计了一套基于FPGA硬件的彩色图像实时采集系统.介绍了针对MT9 M011图像探测器的寄存器配置时序的设计.重点研究了影响彩色图像质量的Bayer格式图像去马赛克算法,该算法首先对Bayer格式原图进行二阶拉普拉斯修正,利用色差和梯度关系确定丢失的绿色分量,再结合给定像素周围的4个色差进行插值计算,分别得到丢失的红色分量和蓝色分量,从而完成彩色图像的恢复.设计了基于千兆以太网(GigE)的图像传输机制,使系统数据吞吐率大大提高.实验数据表明,系统插值算法在峰值信噪比(PSNR)方面相比双线性插值,R、G、B三通道均提高约15 dB左右,图像目视细节丰富,伪彩色得到有效抑制;在分辨率为1280×1024、帧频为15 f/s的情况下,可以实时输出全彩色图像.目前,系统已经工程应用,其优异表现满足了项目实际需要.
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