为了避免交通追尾事故的发生,提出了一种基于现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA)的嵌入式汽车测距方案.对该系统所采用的图像采集、图像处理、基于小孔成像原理的单目车距测量等算法进行研究.系统以友晶公司DE2 FPGA开发板为硬件平台,通过对PAL制模拟摄像机输出的CVBS(Composite Video Broadcast Signal)视频流的采集、灰度化、滤波、边缘检测、膨胀、腐蚀、车牌定位、车牌大小的检测、液晶屏显示,实现了单目视觉汽车实时测距.整个系统使用Verilog硬件描述语言实现图像采集与显示、各种图像处理算法、车牌定位与车距测量算法,图像处理速度达到了每秒25frame/s,大大提高了系统的实时性.实验结果表明,系统所测试的距离误差最大仅为2.57％.该系统可用于汽车辅助驾驶,预防汽车追尾,也可用于智能机器人视觉.
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