通过对铝合金(6063)进行缺口拉伸及纯剪切试验,研究了铝合金在这两种应力状态下的损伤及断裂机制.研究结果表明:缺口拉伸试验中,缺口根部产生相对较高的三轴应力,随着应力的不断升高,微孔洞的体积分数不断增大.当达到材料的临界孔洞体积分数时,试样断裂;纯剪切试验中,在材料内部几乎没有产生微孔洞而产生了剪切带.显微裂纹首先在剪切带中产生.随着裂纹的进一步扩展,最终导致试样断裂;用改进的Gurson 模型和Johnson-cook模型分别模拟缺口拉伸和纯剪切试验,模拟的工程应力-应变曲线与试验的工程应力-应变曲线符合得很好.另外根据有限元模拟和试验数据还得出了6063(T6)铝合金缺口试样中微孔洞损伤的经验演化方程.
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