以还原铁粉为核心, 以硫酸铜为铜源, 采用直接置换法初步制备包覆型铁铜双金属粉末. 用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射对粉末的形貌和结构进行了研究, 分析了添加剂、反应时间、干燥还原条件对金属粉末特性的影响, 采用惰气脉冲红外热导法和湿热环境氧化模拟法对粉末的抗氧化性能进行了测试. 试验结果表明: 铁铜双金属粉末为包覆型结构, 添加剂的加入有利于形成致密包覆层, Cu层厚度约为1 μm; 反应时间在25～30 min范围内, 金属收得率最高达到99.5%; 较合适的干燥还原条件应为: 温度在500～650 ℃之间, 时间2～3 h. 在粉末中加入抗氧化剂后, 有效地解决了粉末的氧化问题; 粉末由Cu和Fe两相构成, 没有其他杂质相, 铜的含量为19.53%. 并对大量硫酸亚铁上清液的处理提出了新的方法. 硫酸亚铁上清液可以作为生产金刚石工具用的超细Fe基预合金粉末的原料, 此方法具有简单合理、成本低、环保、产品附加值高的优点.
The Fe/Cu bimetallic powder was synthesized by substitution reaction with copper sulfate and reduced iron powder as the main raw materials. The influence of a kind of addition agent, the reaction time, and the drying and reduction process on the properties of the powder was investigated by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Oxidation resistance of the powders was tested by impulse heating-infrared absorption method and temperature and humidity simulation method. The experimental results showed that Fe particles were coated with Cu coating in the Fe/Cu bimetallic powder, and the thickness of the coating was about 1 μm. The addition agent was in favor of forming compact coating. The reaction time ranged from 25 to 30 min. The proper drying and reduction conditions were that the reduction temperature was between 500 and 650 ℃, and the reduction time was between 2 and 3 h, and the highest of metal yield rate was 99.5%. The oxidation of Fe/Cu bimetallic powder was effectively to prevented after adding a kind of antioxidant. The Fe/Cu bimetallic powder were made of Cu phase and Fe phase, the copper content in which was 19.53%. Moreover, a new method about treatment of the large amount of FeSO_4 supernatant liquor was put forward. The FeSO_4 supernatant liquor could be used as the raw materials of ultra fine Fe-based pre-alloyed powders for diamond tools. The new method had advantages of simplicity, rationality, low cost, environment protection and high added value.
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