采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜以及疲劳性能测试等手段,研究了国产2E12-T3和进口2524-T3合金薄板微观组织和疲劳裂纹扩展性能.结果表明,国产2E12-T3与进口2524-T3合金化学成分相近,在显微组织方面,2E12-T3合金晶粒相对于进口2524-T3合金的纤维状晶粒组织明显细小、均匀,发生了更大程度的再结晶,两者基体内均分布有少量粗大Al2CuMg相和富Fe相,2E12-T3晶内存在略多的中等尺寸Al20Cu2Mn3棒状粒子;在力学性能方面,国产2E12-T3合金抗拉强度、屈服强度和疲劳裂纹扩展速率都明显高于进口2524-T3铝合金,疲劳断口皆呈典型3个区域,裂纹萌生区,前者较平坦而后者相对粗糙,裂纹扩展区皆有明显的疲劳辉纹,辉纹间距分别为0.65和0.35 μ,瞬断区,后者具有数量更多、尺寸更小的韧窝.着眼于材料的组织特征,导致2E12-T3和2524-T3铝合金力学性能差异的主要原因可能是由于两者的晶粒组织特征不同.
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