外涂沥青的埋地低碳钢汽油输油管使用8 a之后出现了穿孔,造成了较大的经济损失.通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪等手段对其进行了分析.结果表明:孔边沿的显微组织中未发现变形层,孔口处的残留产物主要为铁磁性氧化物,未发现FeO等高温氧化产物,排除了人为破坏穿孔的可能;认为油管穿孔是一种典型的局部腐蚀,闭孔形式的小孔腐蚀是这种局部腐蚀的主要腐蚀机理;大阴极和小阳极进一步加速了这种腐蚀过程.
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