浅成低温热液型金矿床是世界上最为重要的金矿床类型之一,也是当前国际矿床学界研究热点之一.近年来的矿床学研究在浅成低温热液型金矿床的地球化学特征、成矿岩浆背景、成矿机理及成矿模式等方面取得了明显的突破.研究表明:浅成热液金矿床的形成时代主要是中生代白垩世和新生代,其次为晚古生代;成矿流体和成矿物质来源复杂,成矿元素Au是地幔中硫化物氧化释放出的;浅成低温热液型金矿与碱性岩、斑岩金铜矿之间密切伴生;冷却收缩是浅成低温热液型(铜)金矿形成的主要机理,解释了成矿流体的形成、运移和沉淀;等温退缩-蒸气收缩模式和蒸气冷却收缩模式合理地解释了浅成低温热液矿床和斑岩矿床在时间和空间上的共生关系.同时笔者还建议在该类型矿床的研究和找矿工作中应运用先进的测试技术和方法,应用先进的成矿理论.
The epithermal gold deposit is one of the most important types of gold deposit in the world, and also one of the "hot spots" studied by the international deposit geologists. Significant advances have been made in the lat-est decades, including the geochemical characteristics of the deposit, the relationship with intrusive rocks, the metal-logenesis and metallogenic model. The researches indicate that the epithermal gold deposits not only deposit in Creta-ceous and Cenozoic, but also in late Paleozoie. The sources of ore-forming fluids and materials of epithermal gold de-posits are complex, and Au is derived from the sulfides in the mantle by being oxidized. Epithermal gold deposits have genetic relationship with alkaline rocks and porphyrys, and always are associated with porphyry cooper-gold de-posits. Vapor fluid cooling and contraction can be well used to interpret the origin, transportation and precipitation of the ore-forming fluids of these deposits. Epithermal gold deposits and porphyry copper-gold deposits are contacted by vapor contraction and isotherm retraction model and vapor fluid cooling and contraction model, which can reasonablely explain the time and space paragenesis relationship between the two types of deposits. At the same time, this paper suggests that advanced testing techniques, methods and mineralization theories should be applicated in research and exploration of the epithermal gold deposits.
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