外涂沥青的埋地低碳钢汽油输油管使用8 a之后,出现了穿孔,造成了比较大的经济损失.为此,通过金相、扫描电镜、能谱和X射线衍射等手段对合金的断口、微观组织、微区成分和断口表面覆盖物相组成进行了分析.分析发现,孔边沿的金相组织中未发现变形层,孔口处的残留产物主要为尖晶石类氧化物Fe3O4,该氧化物为大气下形成的氧化物,未发现FeO等高温氧化产物,分析结果排除了人为破坏穿孔的可能.研究结果表明,油管穿孔是一种典型的局部腐蚀,其主要腐蚀机理为闭孔形式的小孔腐蚀.大阴极和小阳极进一步加速了这种腐蚀过程.
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