采用自蔓燃高温合成方法(self-propagating high-temperature synthesis,简称SHS)合成氮化硅粉体,分析了自蔓燃高温合成氮化硅过程中氮气、温度、稀释剂与孔隙率等方面的影响.采用XRD研究相的组成,用SEM观察粉末的显微结构.研究结果表明:只要控制反应中的工艺参数,就可以采用自蔓燃得到不同相含量的Si3N4粉体;考虑到燃烧温度(Tcom),在氮化硅粉体的合成过程中,涉及到3个反应机制:低温机制,中温机制,高温机制;氮气压力下硅粉的自蔓燃合成反应,必须要引入Si3N4稀释剂,来控制反应温度和反应速度,获得不同相含量的粉体;NH4Cl在反应中分解,为反应提供了NH3,并与硅粉反应;压坯气孔率控制在30%~70%,否则反应不能进行.SHS法可以制备纯度很高的氮化硅粉体.此法较传统方法合成的氮化硅设备简单,成本低廉,纯度高,填充性好,烧结活性好.
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