将外形尺寸为φ15 mm×10 mm的一级工业纯铝锭(w(Al)=99%)6.5 g放入石墨坩埚内,在其四周及底部填充氧化铝粉阻生剂,采用粒度均为1～0.5 mm、固定量均为3 g的电熔镁砂(w(MgO)=95%)、镁铝尖晶石(31.9%MgO,58.1% Al2O3)和电熔刚玉(w(Al2O3>)=95%)3种颗粒作为填充剂,分别与占铝锭质量10%的金属Mg粉(w(Mg)=99%)混合后,松散堆积在铝锭表面上,在1 200℃氮气气氛中处理10 h.利用XRD、SEM、EPMA及OM分析了反应后得到复合材料的物相组成和显微结构,研究了定向金属氮化制备氮化铝基复合材料过程中金属铝熔体和填充剂间的界面反应对渗透氮化的影响.结果表明:1 200℃下,镁砂与铝熔体剧烈反应生成大量镁,促进了铝熔体的渗透和氮化过程;镁铝尖晶石与铝熔体反应明显减弱,但生成少量的镁,也在一定程度上有利于渗透和氮化过程;相比之下,刚玉与熔体界面反应消耗了反应体系的镁,影响了铝熔体的渗透,但渗入铝的氮化较为完全,且复合材料结构致密.
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