采用自约束热疲劳试验方法，对比研究了相同热处理条件的4Cr5MoSiV1，8407钢的热疲劳特性，观察分析了疲劳裂纹形貌和深度，采用热疲劳损伤因子定量研究了二种钢的热疲劳过程，结果表明：两种钢的热疲劳裂纹萌生发生在100～200次之间，8407钢热疲劳裂纹的萌生较4Cr5MoSiV1钢均匀，细小；在1600次冷热循环前，二者的热疲劳损伤程度无明显差别，在1600次冷热循环后，前者的热疲劳损伤程度低于后者; 在较低的回火温度条件下，8407钢的热疲劳抗力稍优于4Cr5MoSiV1；而在高温回火时，8407钢的热疲劳抗力高于4Cr5MoSiV1钢。分析了这二种钢的热疲劳机制，指出决定材料热疲劳裂纹抗力的是钢的热稳定性和钢的强度或硬度。
With the self-restricting test method, the thermal fatigue behavior of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel and 8407 steel was investigated under the same heat treatment condition. The crack morphology and fracture surface was also analyzed. The thermal fatigue process of these steels was quantitatively investigated with a thermal fatigue damage parameter. The results indicate that thermal fatigue cracks of both steels initiate at the time between 100 to 200 cycles. The initiating cracks of 8407 steel are smaller and more equable than that in 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel. Before 1600 thermal cycles, there are not obvious difference on the thermal fatigue behavior of both steels, after 1600 thermal cycles, the degree of the thermal fatigue damage of 8407 steel is lower than that of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel. When the tempering temperature is below 640°C, the thermal fatigue behavior of 8407 steel is slightly better than that of 4Cr5MoSiV1 steel, but when the tempering temperature exceeds 640°C, the behavior of the former seems superior. The mechanism analysis of thermal fatigue reveals that the main factor affecting thermal fatigue resistance is the thermal stability and strength or hardness of steels.
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