首先成功合成了介孔氧化锆母体,采用SAXRD、氮气吸脱附、HRTEM等表征发现,制备的介孔氧化锆其晶胞常数a0为12.14nm,介孔直径为3.7nm,介孔的孔壁厚度大约为8.34nm,比表面积和孔体积分别为163.5m2/g和0.15cm3/g;将这种介孔材料进行硫酸化制得固体超强酸,并考察了焙烧温度对其结构的影响.结果发现:随着焙烧温度的提高,催化剂的介孔结构在600℃前基本稳定,但是更高温度会导致介孔结构的破坏;较低温度焙烧得到的硫酸化氧化锆介孔孔壁上是无定形的,温度升高逐步转变成为四方晶相和单斜晶相;NH3-TPD表征发现400℃焙烧后催化剂具有较为宽泛的氨气脱附峰,酸量较少1500℃焙烧后的催化剂的酸性强、具有最大酸量;600℃焙烧后的催化剂酸强度降低,同时酸量下降;700℃焙烧的催化剂酸强度较弱,酸量也进一步减少;800℃焙烧后催化剂基本上没有表现出酸性.催化剂应用于甲苯甲醛缩合反应中,发现500℃焙烧的催化剂显示出最高的活性,甲醛转化率达到45.7%.,更高温度焙烧后转化率明显下降,800℃焙烧催化剂没有表现出任何活性.
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