采用Thermo-Calc软件,计算了碳、铬、锰、镍元素和压力因素对22Cr高氮奥氏体不锈钢氮溶解度、凝固过程中相转变以及析出相的影响,并对设计的新型高氮奥氏体不锈钢组织及析出相进行了研究.结果表明:铬元素主要增加液态钢的氮溶解度,增加0.1％(质量分数)的碳即能显著增大奥氏体不锈钢在高温凝固时的最小氮溶解度.锰元素既增加液态钢中的饱和氮溶解度,又增加凝固初期的最小氮溶解度.适当的锰含量能扩大并稳定奥氏体相区,避免“铁素体阱”的出现.少量的镍含量既增加奥氏体不锈钢高温凝固时的最小氮溶解度,缩小高温δ铁素体存在的温度区间,也能使钢在室温下有完全的奥氏体组织.加压冶炼能有效促进氮溶解度.新型高氮奥氏体不锈钢的析出相主要为Cr23C6,Cr2N.采用热力学计算工具可以对高氮奥氏体不锈钢的冶炼、组织控制、热处理和热加工提供科学的指导.
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