通过量为150 MGT的货运U75V重轨服役状态表面出现明显的磨损、裂纹、剥离掉块等损伤.硬度测试显示钢轨表层由于塑性变形已产生较大的形变强化.XRD测试和显微结构观察显示,在接触疲劳应力作用下,钢轨表层及近表层产生严重的塑性变形,表现为晶粒细化.内部生成的微裂纹和夹杂相互作用连接在一起形成扩展裂纹,裂纹扩展主要是穿晶形式.裂纹发展至某一阶段可能以纵向大角度向内扩展,导致钢轨断裂.
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