在常温常压下,将单质碲溶于酸溶液中,通过水合肼液相还原制备了纳米碲粉,利用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同溶液体系及分散剂对碲粉结构及形貌的影响,分析了 Cl-在碲晶粒形成过程中的作用.结果表明,在硝酸溶液体系中,水合肼还原制备的碲呈纳米颗粒状,晶粒尺寸约20~50 nm；在 Cl-存在的混酸体系中,由于 Cl-具有配位作用和缓释剂作用,使碲晶粒长大呈纳米棒状或棱柱型,尺寸长约5~10μm,宽约300~500 nm,高浓度的 Cl-能使碲形核点增多,得到晶粒更均匀细小的纳米棒,尺寸长约200~300 nm,宽约10~20 nm；而在 Cl-体系中添加分散剂 PVP 时,碲晶粒形态较单一均匀,呈纳米棒状,晶粒尺寸长约0．5~3μm,直径约20~50 nm.
At room temperature and pressure,the nano-tellurium powder was prepared by hydrazine hydrate via liquid-phase reduction with the elemental tellurium dissolved in acid solution.With X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM),different solution system and dispersants on the tellurium powder struc-ture and morphology were studied and the effect of Cl- during telluride crystal formation was analyzed.The re-sults showed that:in nitric acid solution system,tellurium reduced by hydrazine synthesis was nano-particulate. The grain size was about 20- 50 nm;Cl- exist in a mixed acid system,due to Cl- with a release agent coordina-tion role and the role of the tellurium or prismatic nanorods were large grain size of about 5-10 μm,a width of 300-500 nm.A high concentration of Cl- can make tellurium nucleation point increase in the number of small grains more uniform nanorods,the size was about 200-300 nm,a width of 10-20 nm;Cl- system in the disper-sant was added PVP when tellurium than a single grain shape uniform,nanorods,the grain size of about 0.5-3μm,diameter of 20-50 nm.
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