为了改善银粉颗粒的表面光滑度和均匀性,以硫酸亚铁铵为还原剂、AgNO3为原料和吐温65(TW65)为表面活性剂,通过液相还原法制备单分散球形微米银粉。研究了还原剂浓度、反应温度、表面活性剂用量等对银粉粒度分布的影响,并探讨了银粉的形成机制。研究确定较优工艺条件为反应温度为室温,还原剂与AgNO3的摩尔比为6∶1,TW65与 Ag-NO3的质量比为5%。在较优工艺条件下制备出了粒度均匀单分散球形银粉,平均粒径为1.18μm 左右,松装密度为2.4 g/cm3,振实密度为4.9 g/cm3,回收率达99.56%,基本达到了太阳能电池用银粉要求。
In order to improve the smoothness and uniformity of silver powders,monodisperse and spherical mi-cro-size silver powders were prepared by chemical reduction method with tween-65 (TW65)as surfactant,am-monium ferrous sulfate as reductant and silver nitrate as metal source.The effects of reductant concentration, reaction temperature T,surfactant dosage on particle size of silver powders were investigated.And the forma-tion mechanisms of silver powders were discussed.The optimum condition was:T,room temperature;the molar ratio of reductant and AgNO3 ,6∶1;and the mass ratio of TW65 and AgNO3 ,5%.The uniform mono-disperse spherical silver powders with a mean particle size of 1.8μm,apparent density of 2.4 g/cm3 ,tap densi-ty of 4.9 g/cm3 and recovery percent of 99.56% were prepared under the optimum condition,basically meeting the requirements of the silver powder used for solar cells.
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