三水碳酸镁晶须是一种重要的新型功能镁化合物材料,由于近乎完美的纤维状单晶结构,在高分子材料的增强、绝热、防火、颜料改性等方面具有巨大的应用潜力,碳酸镁晶须还可以用于制备氧化镁晶须、高纯氧化镁和碱式碳酸镁等重要的电子和光学材料.以工业氢氧化镁为原料,以柠檬酸钠为添加剂,采用常压碳化法,高镁转化效率制备了三水碳酸镁晶须.详细研究了结晶温度、柠檬酸钠添加量、反应时间及搅拌速率对镁离子的转化率和三水碳酸镁晶须形貌的影响,并对柠檬酸钠在结晶过程中的作用机理进行了探讨.结果表明,在0.2％(质量分数)柠檬酸钠的存在下,三水碳酸镁晶须的形成温度可以提高到90℃,镁离子转化率大幅提高到约80％.在优化的结晶时间为30 min,搅拌速率为200 r/min的条件下,可制备长径比达到28、尺寸均一、结晶度达99.19％、不合氯和钠离子的三水碳酸镁晶须.
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