钨及钨基材料由于其高熔点、高热导率、低蒸气压、低溅射产额及低辐照放射性等优异性能,成为具有广阔应用前景的面向等离子体材料.然而,钨基材料的本征脆性成为其作为聚变材料的主要限制因素,也成为国际聚变材料界的研究热点.本文综述了通过合金化、弥散强化以及复合材料等3种途径来增加钨基材料韧性的最新研究进展.目前合金元素中只有铼的添加能够显著改善钨的韧性;单一弥散强化方式难以有效提高钨的韧性,适当的热机械加工能够明显降低钨基材料的韧脆转变温度;通过钨箔钎焊制备出的钨层压结构复合材料的韧脆转变温度降低到了150℃.
Pure tungsten and tungsten-based materials are promising candidates as plasma facing materials in fu-sion application due to their high melting point,good thermal conductivity,low vapor pressure,low sputter rates and low radioactivity.However,the intrinsic brittleness is considered as the main restricting factor for tungsten-based materials and draws the maj or focus of the international fusion materials community.This paper reviews recent progress of three main strategies on toughening of tungsten-based materials:alloying,dispersion strengthening and composite.Presently only Rehnium addition is known to improve tungsten fracture properties by alloying.Proper mechanical working/treatment decreases ductile-brittle transition temperature of dispersion strengthened tungsten alloys.The ductile-brittle transition temperature of tungsten foil laminates by brazing is decreased to 150 ℃.
参考文献
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