对多组元复杂体系(尤其是高温合金体系)在凝固过程中形成的通道偏析即黑斑的研究现状进行了评述,包括黑斑的存在方式、影响因素和物理特征等.在此基础上,对黑斑的形成机制、有关黑斑的判据及存在的问题进行了探讨.对多元复杂体系黑斑的准确表征及合理判据提供研究基础.
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