发动机叶片常遭受外物的撞击损伤,不同材料的外物撞击损伤存在着差别.采用弹性应力波的传播和基本流体动力学的原理分析超弹性软体和塑性软体外物撞击叶片时的撞击载荷模型.通过在LS-DYNA中就超弹性软体(以橡胶为例)和塑性软体(以明胶为例)外物对叶片的撞击过程进行数值仿真分析.结果表明:在相同的初始撞击能量、相同的撞击速度及相同的撞击入射角度下,橡胶撞击叶片时的撞击接触力幅值较大,但持续时间较明胶撞击时的要短,叶片中的等效应力水平比明胶撞击时的高,故更容易使叶片产生损伤;随着初始撞击速度的增加,橡胶发生碎裂,某些撞击特性与明胶的趋于相近.
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