介绍了氮在非调质钢中所起的有益作用.在Nb,V,Ti三种微合金化元素中,钒有较高的溶解度,是非调质钢最常用也是最有效的强化元素.钒在钢中通过形成细小析出相起细化晶粒和沉淀强化作用.与碳相比,氮与钒有更强的亲和力,且氮化物更稳定,因此,氮对控制钒的析出起更重要的作用.大量研究结果表明,非调质钢中增氮改变了钒在相间的分布,促进V(C,N)析出,使析出相的颗粒尺寸明显减小.因而氮增强了非调质钢中钒的沉淀强化作用,大幅度提高钢的强度.氮通过促进V(C,N)析出,有效地钉扎奥氏体-铁素体晶界,细化了铁素体晶粒.细小的V(C,N)析出相促进晶内铁素体的形成,进一步细化了铁素体组织.对微钛处理非调质钢,增氮还提高TiN颗粒的稳定性,更有效地阻止奥氏体晶粒长大.充分利用廉价而丰富的氮,在保证一定的强度水平下,可节约贵重钒合金,进一步降低非调质钢的成本.因此,氮是非调质钢中经济有效的微合金化元素.
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