研究了TC4钛合金和7475铝合金在应力比R=0.5,0和-1恒幅载荷下的长裂纹和小裂纹的扩展行为.小裂纹试验采用单边缺口拉伸试样,裂纹从半圆形缺口根部自然萌生.研究结果显示,TC4钛合金在恒幅载荷下,未显示出小裂纹效应.该现象与小裂纹扩展初期出现明显的裂纹偏析和分叉有关.小裂纹起始寿命较长,裂纹起始寿命约占疲劳寿命的20%～55%.7475-T7351铝合金在低应力比(R≤0)下的低应力强度因子范围内,存在经典的小裂纹效应,小裂纹起始于孔壁表面的第二相质点团或空洞处,夹杂质点团较之单个杂质点对裂纹的萌生更有害,裂纹起始寿命约占疲劳寿命的15%～29%.
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